Cubism

Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque worked out Cubism around 1907 and 1908. They set several views of a thing side by side and kept the canvas flat instead of faking depth. The name seems to come from a critic who said in 1908 that Braque reduced everything to cubes. From about 1912 shapes grew simpler and colors brighter. Cubism broke objects into flat, overlapping planes and showed several sides of them at once. Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque developed it in Paris between 1907 and 1914, and the name began as a critic’s jibe at Braque’s landscapes of 1908. Juan Gris joined them and kept working in the style; Robert Delaunay turned it toward bright, circling color, which came to be called Orphism. Connected places: Paris.

• MovementMarsden Hartley, 1913
• Still Life No. 3Marsden Hartley, 1923
• ProvincetownMarsden Hartley, 1916
• Bottles and BowlJuan Gris, 1911
• FantômasJuan Gris, 1915
• Ace of Clubs and Four of DiamondsJuan Gris, 1915
• Glass and CheckerboardJuan Gris, c. 1917
• Political DramaRobert Delaunay, 1914
• La TourRobert Delaunay, 1926